Te Kōwhiri i te Pūhiko Tika mō ngā Pūhiko Rori Pūngao Rā: Ni-MH vs. Lithium

Mō ngā pūhiko rori pūngao rā, ko te pākahiko te ngākau o te pūnaha. Ka rongoa e ia te pūngao i hopukina e te papa photovoltaic i te awatea, ā, ka whakakā i ngā LED i te pō, ka whakatau tika i te roa o te wā e taea ai e te pūhiko te whakamārama i te rori, te pono o tana mahi i roto i ngā āhuarangi rerekē, me te auau o te whakakapinga. I ēnei rā, e rua ngā matū pākahiko e kaha ana ki te mākete: Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) me te Lithium (ko te Li-ion, ko te LiFePO₄ rānei te tikanga). He mea nui te mārama ki ō rāua rerekētanga hei whiriwhiri i te pūhiko rori pūngao rā tika mō tō kaupapa, ahakoa he huarahi tere, he whakawhiti hikoi, he ara rere rānei i te taunga rererangi.

Kua roa ngā pākahiko Ni-MH e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā pou rori pūngao rā. E whakanuia ana rātou mō tō rātou pakari me te haumaru. Ko tētahi o ngā kaha nui o te matū Ni-MH ko tōna kaha ki te aro atu ki ngā pāmahana tino kino, inā koa te rangi makariri. Ahakoa he uaua ki te utu i raro i te hukapapa ngā pākahiko lithium, ka taea e ngā pūtau Ni-MH te mahi me te utu pono i ngā pāmahana iti iho i te -20°C me te kore he ara iahiko tiaki motuhake. Nā tēnei ka waiho te Ni-MH hei whiringa pono mō ngā rohe e pāngia ana e te hotoke kino. Hei tāpiri, he pumau ngā pākahiko Ni-MH, ā, kāore e tūpono ki te rere wera, ki te ahi rānei, ahakoa ka pakaru te pou rori i te waka taumaha. He iti ake te utu i te tīmatanga, he mea whakatau pea tēnei mō ngā kaupapa hanganga tūmatanui nui me te tahua iti. Heoi, he iti ngā herenga o ngā pākahiko Ni-MH. He iti ake te mātotoru o te pūngao, ko te tikanga he taumaha ake, he nui ake hoki mō te kaha rokiroki kotahi. Ka whakawhāitihia e tēnei te kikokore me te kiato o te pou rori pūngao rā. Ko te mea nui ake, he nui te tere tuku-ake o ngā pākahiko Ni-MH: ka taea e rātou te ngaro tekau mā rima ki te rua tekau ōrau o tā rātou utu penapena ia marama ina kore mahi. I muri i ētahi rā kapua, kāore pea te rama Ni-MH e whiti tonu i te pō katoa. Ko te roa o te huringa o te rama he rima rau ki te waru rau, he rawaka engari kāore i te tino mārama.

Ko ngā pākahiko lithium, inā koa te momo Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO₄), kua noho hei paerewa hou mō ngā pou rori pūngao rā kounga teitei. Ko tō rātou painga matua ko te kiato pūngao. Ka taea e te pākahiko lithium te penapena i te nui o te pūngao i roto i te kete he whā tekau ki te rima tekau ōrau te mama ake, ā, he angiangi rawa atu i te Ni-MH ōrite. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakaputa i ngā pou rori iti-ahua, ā, he iti ake te tūponotanga kia tangohia e ngā parau hukarere, e ngā waka taumaha rānei. He pai hoki ngā pākahiko lithium ki te mahi tuku-ake-ake, e rua ki te toru ōrau noa iho o tā rātou utu ia marama ka ngaro. Nō reira, ka taea e te pou rori pūngao rā kua whakauruhia ki te mana lithium te noho tonu i muri i te wiki katoa o te rangi kapua, e whakarato ana i te māramatanga tonu i te wā e tino hiahiatia ana. Hei tāpiri, he roa ake te ora huringa o ngā pākahiko lithium, e tae ana ki te tekau mā rima rau ki te rua tekau mā rima rau huringa utu-tuku. Ko te tikanga ka taea e rātou te roa ake i te toru ki te whā ngā wā i ngā pākahiko Ni-MH i mua i te hiahia ki te whakakapi, ka whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki mō te wā roa. Ko tētahi atu painga ko te putanga ngaohiko pumau: ka tukuna e ngā pūtau lithium he ngaohiko tata tonu kia tata pau katoa, kia tiaho ai ngā LED i te kanapa katoa i te pō katoa, kaua e memeha haere.

Heoi anō, kāore ngā pākahiko lithium e kore he wero. Ko tō rātou ngoikoretanga nui ko te aro ki ngā pāmahana iti i te wā e utu ana. I raro iho i te 0°C, ka taea e te utu i tētahi pākahiko lithium paerewa te whakararuraru tuturu. Ahakoa ka whakapai ake ngā pūtau LiFePO₄ i te mahi pāmahana iti, me whai pūnaha whakahaere pākahiko kua hangaia hei whakamutu i te utu i roto i ngā āhuatanga hukapapa, hei whakamahi rānei i te iti o te pūngao kua rongoatia hei whakamahana i ngā pūtau i te tuatahi. Ka nui ake te uaua me te utu o tēnei. Hei tāpiri, he nui ake te utu o mua o ngā pākahiko lithium, he toru tekau ki te rima tekau ōrau te nui ake i te Ni-MH. Ka taea hoki e ngā pūtau lithium kounga iti te whakararuraru i te haumaru mena ka rahua te ara iahiko tiaki, ahakoa ka whakaitihia e ngā kaihanga rongonui tēnei mā ngā hoahoa pakari.

Nō reira, ko tēhea pākahiko te mea tika māu mō ō pūwero rori pūngao rā? Ko te whakautu kei runga i te āhuarangi o tō rohe, ngā whakaritenga mahi, me te tahua. Mō ngā rohe he roa te hotoke i raro i te kore, he pai ake te Ni-MH, he pai ake te utu nā te mea ka taea te utu me te kore he tiaki motuhake. Mō ngā āhuarangi ngawari ki te mahana, mō ngā tono rānei he mea nui te āhua kikokore me te mana motuhake roa, ko te lithium – inā koa ko te LiFePO₄ – te kōwhiringa pai ake. Ko tōna iti o te tukunga-ake, te roa o te huringa ora, me te kanapa pumau ka tukuna he uara pai ake i te roanga o te oranga o te hua. Hei whakamutunga, kua whakamātauhia e ngā momo pākahiko e rua tō rātou pono i roto i ngā miriona pūwero rori pūngao rā puta noa i te ao. Mā te mārama ki ō rātou āhuatanga ahurei, ka taea e koe te whakatau whai whakaaro kia noho haumaru ai ō rori, kia roa ake ai.