Iphaneli yelanga eyaziwa nangokuthi iphaneli ye-photovoltaic iyisisetshenziswa esimunca ukukhanya kwelanga futhi siguqule amandla elanga abe ugesi osebenzisekayo. Amaphaneli elanga aqukethe amaseli elanga amaningana (amaseli e-photovoltaic). Ukusebenza kahle kwephaneli yelanga kuncike ngqo enanini lamaseli elanga.
Imojula ye-photovoltaic yenziwe ngamaseli elanga, ingilazi, i-EVA, ishidi elingemuva kanye nohlaka. Izinhlelo zesimanje zokukhanya kwelanga zisebenzisa amaphaneli elanga e-monocrystalline noma amaphaneli elanga e-polycrystalline. Amaseli elanga e-Monocrystalline asebenza kahle kakhulu njengoba enziwa ngekristalu eyodwa ye-silicon futhi amakristalu e-silicon amaningana ancibilika ndawonye ukuze akhe amaseli e-polycrystalline. Kunezinqubo eziningi ezihilelekile ekukhiqizeni amaphaneli elanga.
Ukukhiqiza amaphaneli elanga
Kukhona ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezi-5 kuphaneli yelanga.
Amaseli elanga
Ziningi izingxenye ezingena ekukhiqizeni amaseli elanga. Ama-silicon wafers ake aguqulwa abe amaseli elanga ayakwazi ukuguqula amandla elanga abe ugesi. Iseli ngalinye lelanga linesicwecwana se-silicon esishajwa kahle (i-boron) futhi esibi (i-phosphorous). Iphaneli yelanga ejwayelekile inamaseli elanga angama-60 kuye kwangama-72.
Ingilazi
Ingilazi eqinile eqinile isetshenziselwa ukuvikela amaseli e-PV futhi ingilazi ngokuvamile inogqinsi oluwu-3 kuya ku-4 mm. Ingilazi yangaphambili ivikela amangqamuzana emazingeni okushisa aphakeme futhi yakhelwe ukumelana nomthelela ovela emfucumfucwini ehamba emoyeni. Izingilazi ezidlulisa kakhulu izinto ezaziwa ngokuqukethwe kwazo okuphansi kwensimbi zisiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli elanga futhi zibe ne-anti-reflective coating ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukudluliswa kokukhanya.
Uhlaka lwe-aluminium
Uhlaka lwe-aluminium extruded lusetshenziselwa ukuvikela unqenqema lwe-laminate ehlala amaseli. Lokhu kunikeza isakhiwo esiqinile sokukhweza iphaneli yelanga endaweni. Uhlaka lwe-aluminium luklanyelwe ukuba lube lula futhi lukwazi ukumelana nemithwalo yemishini kanye nesimo sezulu esibi. Uhlaka luvamise ukuba yisiliva noma lube mnyama anodized futhi amakhona avikelwe ngokucindezela noma ngezikulufu noma izinsimbi.
Izendlalelo zefilimu ye-EVA
Izendlalelo ze-Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa amaseli elanga futhi ahlanganiswe ndawonye ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Lona ungqimba olusobala kakhulu oluhlala isikhathi eside futhi lubekezelela umswakama kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okwedlulele. Izendlalelo ze-EVA zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukungena komswakama nokungcola.
Zombili izinhlangothi zamaseli elanga zinakwe nge-EVA izendlalelo zefilimu ukuze zinikeze ukumuncwa ukushaqeka nokuvikela izintambo ezixhumene namaseli emthelela ongazelelwe nokudlidliza.
Ibhokisi lokuhlangana
Ibhokisi lokuhlanganisa lisetshenziselwa ukunamathisela ngokuvikelekile izintambo ezixhuma amaphaneli. Lena indawo encane evikela isimo sezulu ephinde ifake ama-bypass diode. Ibhokisi lokuhlangana litholakala ngemuva kwephaneli futhi yilapho wonke amaseli exhuma khona ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuvikela leli phuzu eliphakathi kumswakama nokungcola.
Amaphaneli elanga ngokuvamile ahlala cishe iminyaka engama-25 kuya kwengama-30 futhi ukusebenza kahle kuyehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nokho, aziyeki ukusebenza ekupheleni kwesikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokuphila; zehlisa kancane kancane futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kuyehla ngalokho abakhiqizi abakubheka njengenani elibalulekile. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani ama-solar panel anesikhathi eside kangaka sokuphila kungenxa yokuthi awanazo izingxenye ezihambayo. Uma nje engonakalisiwe ngokomzimba yinoma yiziphi izici zangaphandle, ama-solar panel angaqhubeka nomsebenzi amashumi eminyaka. Izinga lokuwohloka kwamaphaneli elanga nalo lincike ohlotsheni lwamaphaneli futhi njengoba ubuchwepheshe bephaneli yelanga buba ngcono ngokuhamba kweminyaka, amazinga okonakaliswa ayathuthuka.
Ngokwezibalo, isikhathi sokuphila sephaneli yelanga isilinganiso samaphesenti wamandla akhiqizwa phakathi neminyaka uma kuqhathaniswa namandla alinganiselwe ephaneli yelanga. Abakhiqizi abakhiqiza amaphaneli elanga babala cishe u-0.8% wokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle ngonyaka. Amaphaneli elanga kulindeleke ukuthi akhiqize okungenani u-80% wamandla alinganiselwe ukuze asebenze kahle. Isibonelo, ukuze iphaneli yelanga engu-100 Watt isebenze kahle, idinga ukukhiqiza okungenani ama-Watt angama-80. Ukuze sazi ukuthi iphaneli yakho yelanga izosebenza kanjani ngemva kwenani elithile leminyaka, sidinga ukwazi izinga lokuwohloka kwephaneli yelanga. Ngokwesilinganiso izinga lokuwohloka liyi-1% unyaka ngamunye.
Isikhathi sokukhokha amandla (EPBT) inani lesikhathi sokuthi iphaneli yelanga ikhiqize amandla anele ukuze ibuyisele amandla asetshenziswe ukwenza iphaneli futhi isikhathi sokuphila sephaneli yelanga ngokuvamile side kune-EPBT yayo. Iphaneli yelanga enakekelwa kahle ingaholela esilinganisweni esiphansi sokuwohloka kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli. Ukuwohloka kwephaneli yelanga kungabangelwa ukucindezeleka okushisayo kanye nemithelela yemishini ethinta izingxenye zamapaneli elanga. Ukuhlola amaphaneli njalo kungaveza izinkinga ezifana nezintambo eziveziwe nezinye izindawo ezikhathazayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amaphaneli elanga ahlala isikhathi eside. Ukusula amaphaneli emfucumfucwini, uthuli, ukugeleza kwamanzi neqhwa kungandisa ukusebenza kahle kwamapaneli elanga. Ukuvinjwa kokukhanya kwelanga nokuklwebheka nanoma yimuphi omunye umonakalo kuphaneli kungathinta ukusebenza kwamaphaneli. Izinga lokuwohloka liphansi kakhulu esimweni sezulu esimaphakathi.
Ukusebenza kwe-aukukhanya komgwaqo welanga ikakhulukazi kuncike ekusebenzeni kahle kwephaneli yelanga eliyisebenzisayo. Njengoba abantu abaningi kanye namabhizinisi betshala imali kumandla elanga, kungokwemvelo ukulindela ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ebiza kakhulu yeyunithi yokukhanya komgwaqo welanga ukuthi ihlale isikhathi eside futhi ifanele imali. Amaphaneli elanga asetshenziswa kakhulu manje amaphaneli elanga e-monocrystalline nawe-polycrystalline, womabili anesikhathi sokuphila esicishe sifane. Noma kunjalo, izinga lokuwohloka kwamaphaneli elanga e-polycrystalline liphakeme kancane kunamaphaneli elanga e-monocrystalline. Uma ama-panels engaphukile futhi uma ekhiqiza ugesi owanele wezidingo zakho, asikho isidingo sokushintsha ama-solar panel ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi sabo sewaranti.
Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni, i-Zenith Lighting ingumkhiqizi ochwepheshe wazo zonke izinhlobo zezibani zelanga neminye imikhiqizo ehlobene, uma unombuzo noma iphrojekthi, sicela ungangabazixhumana nathi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-22-2023