Imirasire y'izuba izwi kandi nka Photovoltaic panel ni igikoresho gikurura urumuri rw'izuba kandi gihindura ingufu z'izuba amashanyarazi akoreshwa. Imirasire y'izuba igizwe n'ingirabuzimafatizo nyinshi z'izuba (selile Photovoltaic selile). Imirasire y'izuba iterwa n'umubare w'izuba.
Module ya Photovoltaque igizwe ningirabuzimafatizo zuba, ikirahure, EVA, urupapuro rwinyuma hamwe na kadamu. Imirasire y'izuba igezweho ikoresha imirasire y'izuba ya monocrystalline cyangwa imirasire y'izuba ya polycristine. Imirasire y'izuba ya Monocrystalline ikora neza kuko ikozwe muri kristu imwe ya silikoni hamwe na kirisiti nyinshi ya silicon yashonga hamwe kugirango habeho selile polycrystalline. Hariho inzira nyinshi zijyanye no gukora imirasire y'izuba.
Gukora imirasire y'izuba
Hariho ibice 5 mubice byizuba.
Imirasire y'izuba
Hariho ibice byinshi bijya kubyara izuba. Wafer ya silicon imaze guhinduka ingirabuzimafatizo zuba zirashobora guhindura ingufu zizuba mumashanyarazi. Buri ngirabuzimafatizo y'izuba ifite icyuma cyiza (boron) kandi kibi (fosifori) cyuzuye silicon wafer. Imirasire y'izuba isanzwe igizwe na selile 60 kugeza 72.
Ikirahure
Ikirahure gikarishye gikoreshwa mukurinda selile PV kandi ikirahuri mubusanzwe gifite mm 3 kugeza kuri 4. Ikirahuri cy'imbere kirinda ingirabuzimafatizo z'ubushyuhe bukabije kandi cyagenewe kurwanya ingaruka ziterwa n'imyanda yo mu kirere. Ibirahuri byanduza cyane bizwiho kuba bifite ibyuma bike bifasha kuzamura imikorere yizuba ryizuba kandi bifite igipfunsi kirwanya imishwarara kugirango iteze imbere urumuri.
Ikaramu ya aluminium
Ikaramu ya aluminiyumu ikoreshwa mu kurinda inkombe ya laminate iba irimo selile. Ibi bitanga imiterere ihamye yo gushiraho imirasire yizuba mumwanya. Ikaramu ya aluminiyumu yagenewe kuba yoroshye kandi ishobora kwihanganira imizigo yikirere nikirere kibi. Ubusanzwe ikadiri ni feza cyangwa anodize umukara kandi inguni zirinzwe mukanda cyangwa hamwe na screw cyangwa clamps.
EVA ibice bya firime
Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) ikoreshwa mugukingira imirasire y'izuba no kuyifata hamwe mugihe cyo gukora. Iki nigice kibonerana cyane kiramba kandi cyihanganira ubuhehere n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ibice bya EVA bigira uruhare runini mukurinda ubushuhe n’umwanda.
Impande zombi z'imirasire y'izuba zometseho ibice bya firime ya EVA mu rwego rwo gutanga ihungabana no kurinda insinga zihuza hamwe n'ingirabuzimafatizo kugira ingaruka zitunguranye no kunyeganyega.
Agasanduku
Agasanduku gahuza gakoreshwa muguhuza neza insinga zihuza imbaho. Aka ni akazu gato kitagira ikirere kandi karimo na diode ya bypass. Agasanduku gahuza gaherereye inyuma yikibaho kandi aha niho selile zose zihurira bityo rero, ni ngombwa kurinda iyi ngingo nkuru kutagira ubushuhe numwanda.
Imirasire y'izuba mubisanzwe imara imyaka 25 kugeza 30 kandi imikorere iragabanuka mugihe runaka. Ariko, ntibahagarika gukora kurangiza ibyo bita igihe cyo kubaho; bigenda byangirika buhoro buhoro kandi umusaruro wingufu ugabanuka kubyo ababikora babona ko ari umubare wingenzi. Imwe mumpamvu nyamukuru zituma imirasire yizuba ifite igihe kirekire cyo kubaho ni ukubera ko idafite ibice byimuka. Mugihe cyose bitangiritse kumubiri kubintu byose byo hanze, imirasire yizuba irashobora gukomeza akazi mumyaka mirongo. Igipimo cy’imirasire y’izuba nacyo giterwa nikirangantego cyizuba kandi uko ikoranabuhanga ryizuba ryizuba rigenda rirushaho kuba ryiza uko imyaka yagiye ihita, igipimo cyo kwangirika kiratera imbere.
Imibare, igihe cyizuba cyizuba ni igipimo cyijanisha ryingufu zitangwa mumyaka myinshi ugereranije nimbaraga zagenwe nizuba. Inganda zitanga imirasire yizuba zibara hafi 0.8% gutakaza umusaruro kumwaka. Imirasire y'izuba iteganijwe gutanga byibuze 80% yingufu zagenwe kugirango zikore neza. Kurugero, kugirango imirasire yizuba 100 Watt ikore neza, igomba kubyara byibuze Watt 80. Kugirango tumenye uko imirasire yizuba yawe izakora nyuma yimyaka runaka, dukeneye kumenya igipimo cyo kwangirika kwizuba. Ugereranije, igipimo cyo gutesha agaciro ni 1% buri mwaka.
Igihe cyo kwishyura ingufu (EPBT) nigihe cyigihe kugirango imirasire yizuba itange ingufu zihagije zo kwishyura ingufu zikoreshwa mugukora panne kandi igihe cyizuba cyizuba mubisanzwe ni kirekire kuruta EPBT. Imirasire y'izuba ibungabunzwe neza irashobora kuganisha ku gipimo cyo hasi kandi ikanakora neza. Iyangirika ry'izuba rishobora guterwa no guhangayikishwa nubushyuhe hamwe nubukanishi bugira ingaruka kubice bigize imirasire y'izuba. Guhora usuzumisha panele birashobora kwerekana ibibazo nkinsinga zagaragaye hamwe nibindi bice bireba kugirango imirasire yizuba imare igihe kirekire. Kurandura imbaho imyanda, ivumbi, amazi yinjira hamwe na shelegi birashobora kongera imikorere yizuba. Guhagarika urumuri rw'izuba no gushushanya cyangwa ibindi byangiritse kuri panel birashobora kugira ingaruka kumikorere. Igipimo cyo guta agaciro ni gito cyane mubihe byikirere giciriritse.
Imikorere ya aurumuri rw'izuba ahanini biterwa nubushobozi bwimirasire yizuba ikoresha. Hamwe nabantu benshi nubucuruzi bashora imari mumirasire yizuba, nibisanzwe gutegereza ikintu cyingenzi kandi gihenze igice cyumucyo wumuhanda wizuba kiramba kandi gifite agaciro. Imirasire y'izuba ikoreshwa cyane ubu ni monocrystalline na polycrystalline imirasire y'izuba, byombi bifite ubuzima busa. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, igipimo cyo kwangirika kwizuba ryizuba rya polycrystalline kiri hejuru gato ugereranije nizuba rya monocrystalline. Niba imbaho zitavunitse kandi niba zitanga amashanyarazi ahagije kubyo ukeneye, nta mpamvu yo gusimbuza imirasire y'izuba na nyuma yigihe cya garanti.
Nkuko bigaragara ku ishusho, Zenith Lighting numwuga wabigize umwuga wubwoko bwose bwamatara yizuba nibindi bicuruzwa bifitanye isano, niba ufite ikibazo cyangwa umushinga, nyamuneka ntutindiganyetwandikire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-22-2023